Fig. 2

The essence of Hs mtDNA relationships as resolved in PPA (Progressive phylogenetic analysis) with Eurasian lineages in blue and African in red. a: The Hs tree, rooted with the chimpanzee, shows a basal divergence between Hsn and Hss with Hsnd and SH-Hsnn on a common branch and Hsnn* joining the Hss branch as the result of the mtDNA introgression from Hss into Hsnn* ≈ 500,000 YBP. Mbuti and Lund make up the basal divergence among extant Hss. b and c: The inclusion of San and the Yorubas joined San on a common branch with Mbuti, whereas the Yorubas joined the Lund branch at separate positions in accordance with the paraphyly of the African populations. d: The OOAH tree with Hss origin in Africa followed by a late exodus into Eurasia. The OOAH phylogeny separates Lund from the evolutionary sequence of Hs and Hss shown in Fig. 1